Cases (n = 50)

Controls (n = 50)

P value

Age (years)

68.0 ± 5.5

67.4 ± 5.7

0.801

Female gender

32 (50%)

32 (50%)

1.000

Education

<0.001

Illiterate

22 (71.0%)

9 (29.0%)

Primary

14 (66.7%)

7 (33.3%)

Preparatory

4 (25.0%)

12 (75.0%)

Secondary

5 (50%)

5 (50%)

High education

5 (22.7%)

17 (77.3%)

Body mass index (kg/m²) (Mean ± SD)

25.0 ± 7.7

28.4 ± 7.5

0.010

Family history of VD

12 (75.0%)

4 (25.0%)

0.060

Hypertension

32 (59.3%)

22 (40.7%)

0.033

Hypertension duration (years)

18.3 ± 8.9

14.6 ± 9.9

0.027

Diabetes mellitus

25 (62.5%)

15 (37.5%)

0.026

DM duration (years)

23.8 ± 10. 9

15.1 ± 11.3

0.007

IHD

6 (50.0%)

6 (50.0%)

0.978

Heart failure

8 (66.7%)

4 (33.3%)

0.202

Atrial fibrillation

5 (71.4%)

2 (28.6%)

0.158

Geriatric depression scale-15 (Mean ± SD)

1.85 ± 0.55

1.72 ± 0.59

0.790

High cholesterol

7 (63.6%)

4 (36.4%)

0.176

High TG

11 (55.0%)

9 (45.0%)

0.541

High LDL-C

18 (69.2%)

8 (30.8%)

0.023

Low HDL-C

22 (62.9%)

13 (37.1%)

0.049

Apo E4 allele

22 (75.9%)

7 (24.1%)

0.001